The connotation of the modern welfare state, besides social security, includes areas of public health, education and environmental protection. Article 155 of the Law of the Constitution stipulates that “For the purpose of social welfare, a state must implement social insurance. A state must provide the old, the weak, the disabled, those who are not able to support themselves and those who are afflicted, with proper support and assistance.” Accordingly, social welfare is the purpose of social insurance, and, on the other hand, social insurance is a means to achieve social welfare.

           According to Article 155 of the Constitutional Law, besides social insurance, social support and assistance are also important means of social welfare. In viewing the implementations among other countries, the consideration of social welfare should include social security as the primary connotation and social insurance as the core. Social welfare as discussed in this paper will be primarily about social insurance and will be exemplified by social security. Social security can be categorized as “pre-nursing (including pension and insurance of military and government personnel)”, “compensation,” and “social promotion and assistance”. The purpose of this paper is to look into the policy and legal system of the R.O.C. At the centennial anniversary of the R.O.C, beside examining the state system (democracy and nomocracy) and the basic principles of the country, whether or not the R.O.C. is a welfare state and the ways in which it might be are other issues that deserve review and discussion.