政大人文中心

民國38年12月，政府遷臺，是時，中國大陸發生嚴重災荒，饑饉遍野，為援救在中共政權統治下的同胞，在蔣中正總統的號召下，各界人士於39年4月4日在臺北成立「中國大陸災胞救濟總會」，以救助大陸同胞及逃往港澳及中南半島難胞為主要任務。76年7 月，政府解除戒嚴，開放大陸探親、探病、奔喪及旅遊，兩岸關係發生實質變化，該會於80年7月20日更名為「中國災胞救助總會」，89年5月5日，再度更名「中華救助總會」迄今，統一簡稱為「救總」。

救總成立後，揭櫫「以胞愛發揚民族精神，以救濟團結反共力量」兩大工作目標，以大陸地區、海外地區、金馬地區、臺灣地區為四大救濟空間；以救濟大陸災胞、救濟流亡海外各地難胞、救濟災難僑胞、救濟大陸來臺義胞、救濟金馬戰地災胞、支援反共義士投奔自由為六大任務，展開各項救濟工作。在長達60多年的歲月裡，救總除救濟、接運大陸逃亡外地的難胞，處理國內外重大災難資助外，也提供生活物資給大陸同胞，自民國39年起展開「空投」與「空飄」的行動，至民國76年結束為止，政府共提供中國大陸地區5000多個地方充足的食物與生活物資。

除了「空投」與「空飄」之外，中華救助總會另一個為人所樂道的任務是救濟中南半島的華人難胞與孤軍。同樣是歷史背景下的產物，因為戰爭滯留在泰、緬、越北地區的華人難胞，不但缺乏國籍與國家的照顧，生活物資上更是匱乏。長年以來，中華救助總會投入大量人力物力，給與難胞協助就學、就業、就醫、就養，並為輔導與扶助義胞自立更生。

創會悠久而豐富的歷史，讓中華救助總會擁有相當多具有學術與社會價值的資料。民國100年，中華救助總會與政治大學人文中心簽約合作，將救總自民國46年9月到民國64年4月的資料進行數位化。資料包含中國大陸災胞救濟總會時期的公文、函電與照片。對於從事國際援助、國民外交、冷戰史等研究領域而言，是彌足珍貴的第一手史料。而數位化之後，不但增加了資料保存的壽命，同時也帶給研究者更為方便查閱方式，是為人文科學研究者不可錯過的重要資料。

Introduction of Chinese Association for Relief and Ensuing Services E-Archives

When the Nationalist Government of the Republic of China moved capital to Taiwan in December, 1949, famine was ravaging mainland China. In order to rescue fellow countrymen governed by the Chinese Communist Party, President Chiang Kai-shek called on people from all walks of life and they together established Chinese Association for Relief and Ensuing Services in Taipei on April 4th, 1950. The mission of the association was to provide relief for fellow countrymen in mainland China as well as sufferers planning to escape to Hong Kong, Macau and Indochina. When the Order of Martial Law was lifted in July, 1987, and residents of Taiwan were allowed to travel and visit families in mainland China, cross-Strait relations also saw substantial changes during the period. The association changed its name on July 20th, 1991, and officially renamed again on May 5th, 2000, as Chinese Association for Relief and Ensuing Services, or CARES, to this date.

After the CARES was being established, the association embarked on a series of relief missions. The association’s two objectives were to enhance national spirit through companion love as well as strengthen power against the Chinese Communist Party through relief works. Its four working regions ranged from mainland China areas, overseas areas, areas of Kinmen and Matsu as well as Taiwan. In addition, its six main missions included helping victims in mainland China, victims in exile overseas, overseas Chinese victims, victims who had escaped to Taiwan as well as victims in Kinmen and Matsu battlefields, and at the same time supporting anti-Communist martyrs to gain freedom. In the past 60 years, the CARES had not only helped victims in mainland China to escape, provided relief and delt with significant disasters home and abroad, but also provided daily necessities for people in China. For example, the “Air Drop” and “Air Float” movements from 1950 to 1987 provided more than 5000 places in mainland China with sufficient foods and living goods.

Apart from “Air Drop” and “Air Float” movements, the CARES was also praised for its mission to provide relief for Chinese victims and soldiers in Indochina. Being the production of history, Chinese war victims stranded in Thailand, Myanmar and the northern part of Vietnam lacked access to national care services as well as daily necessities. For the past several years, the CARES had dedicated a large amount of money and energy to assisting vicitims to get back to school, work and the hospital, and at the same time helping them become more independent.

Having a long and rich history, the CARES preserved relatively abundant archives with both academic and social values. In 2011, the CARES signed a contract with NCCU Center for Humanties Research, and converted paper-based documents from September 1957 to April 1975 into digital documents. These documents included official documents, letters and cables, as well as photos of the CARES in the past, and thus they served as precious primary sources for future research in the fields of international assistance, diplomacy and Cold War history. The e-archives not only extended the lifespan of documents, but provided researchers with a more convenient approach of looking for information as well.

	泰北難民工作團
	接運港九僑生來台升學
	調景嶺難民委員會