本團隊於101年02月05日下午假國立政治大學社會資料中心二樓人文研究中心會議室，邀請政治大學國家發展研究所唐玉禮教授演講，講題為「民族主義與少數民族的問題」。唐玉禮教授畢業於政治大學國家發展研究所，主要研究國際少數民族之民族主義。
此次的講題先說明民族主義理論的重要性，再談民族主義理論的雙面性，也就是「整合與分裂」以及「集體與個人」。唐玉禮教授以蘇格蘭少數民族問題為例，讓與會團隊成員了解蘇格蘭在認同上的做法是區別文化(民族)與政治(國家) 認同，用和平非暴力的方式進行。另外，又舉了2002年才獨立的東帝汶之案例，介紹這個被葡萄牙遺忘的殖民地，獨立成功，卻難自立自足。第三個例子是徘徊在部落傳統、宗教信仰和現代化之間的庫德族人，他們錯過建國機會之後，就此走向分散在六國、各自活命之命運。
當民族國家受到全球化浪潮影響後，民族主義理論便受到一些挑戰。唐玉禮教授以具對照性之歐盟與東協為例，併同網際網路和生態危機，進行理論面與經驗面的深入剖析。其結論是民族國家並未衰退，但主權概念可能面臨挑戰。唐玉禮教授認為區域組織是擴展國家利害與企圖的工具，而非取代國際體系。觀察區域整合之外的事實，如網際網路發展與地球生態議題所呈現出的全球性，各國的「互賴」關係非常明確，仍以尋求雙邊或多邊的經濟合作與結盟為主。她提出，民族國家主權的排他性、不可分割等特徵若能適度調整，將會有助於地球環境的友善發展，而此意謂著主權觀念可能持續面臨著挑戰。
與會團隊成員陳健文教授認為公民素養越高的國家，族群歧視問題會比較少，但不是完全沒有。對唐玉禮教授提的歐盟例子，陳健文教授以自己認識的土耳其學生之聲為例，告訴大家土耳其一直很想加入歐盟，但是歐洲不讓土耳其加入，歐洲人根深蒂固的觀念覺得土耳其就是東方。團隊主持人藍美華教授最後做結：少數民族相關的議題，很多都還是精英在主導，民眾發揮的力量，不能說沒有，但有點難。
The research team invited Professor Yu-Li Tang from the Graduate Institute of Development Studies to give a lecture entitled “Problems of Ethnic Minorities and Nationalism” on February 5, 2012, at the second floor conference room of Center for Humanities Research in Social Sciences Information Center, National Chengchi University. Professor Yu-Li Tang graduated from the Graduate Institute of Development Studies and studied nationalism of international ethnic minorities as her main research interest.
The lecture first explained the importance of nationalism, and then discussed the two sides of the theory, namely “integration and separation” and “collectivism and individualism.” By using the example of ethnic minority issues in Scotland, Professor Yu-Li Tang stated that the Scottish way of differentiating culture (ethnic) and political (national) identities was carried out in a peaceful and non-violent way. In addition, by using the example of Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste that just gained independence in 2002, she introduced this forgotten colony of Portugal that had successfully gained self-independence, but had been having difficulties of standing on its own feet. And lastly, by using the example of the Kurdish people, who wandered between traditional tribes, religion and modernization, she concluded that after missing the opportunities of establishing their own country, the Kurdish people had been wandering among six nations for long.
When nation states were being influenced by globalization, nationalism also faced challenges as well. By using typical examples of European Union (EU) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Professor Yu-Li Tang analyzed both the internet and environmental crisis deeply from theoretical and experiential perspectives, concluding that nation states were not fading, but their authorities could face challenges. Professor Yu-Li Tang considered regional organizations to be a tool for expanding national interests rather than replacing international system. And through regional integrations, such as the development of the internet and environmental and ecological issues, the co-dependent relationships among each nation were very clear, and they were all seeking bilateral and multilateral economic collaborations and alliances. She suggested that adjusting the exclusiveness and inseparability of national state authorities properly will help improve the development of international harmonious environment, but it also meant that the concept of the authority will be continuously facing challenges.
Professor Chien-Wen Chen, one of the participants in the meeting, believed that countries with higher civil character would have less ethnic minority problems. Regarding the example of European Union brought up by Professor Yu-Li Tang, Professor Chien-Wen Chen also told the participants, by using the voice of his Turkish student, that Turkey had long wanted to join the European Union, but failed because of the stereotype of Europe that Turkey was an Eastern country. At the end of the meeting, Professor Mei-Hua Lan, the host of the team, concluded that many problems and issues regarding ethnic minorities were still being dominated by elites. The power of people may have influence on the issues, but have little effect.
2013-07-02